logos, ho, verbal noun of legô (B), with senses corresponding
to legô (B) II and III (on the various senses of the word v. Theo Sm.pp.72,73
H., An.Ox.4.327): common in all periods in Prose and Verse, exc. Epic,
in which it is found in signf. derived from legô (B) 111, cf.infr.
VI. 1 a:
I. computation, reckoning (cf. legô (B) II).
1. account of money handled, "sanides eis has ton
l. anagraphomen" IG12.374.191; "edidosan ton l."
ib.232.2; "l. dôseis tôn metecheirisas chrêmatôn" Hdt.3.142,
cf. 143;
"oute chrêmata diacheirisas tês poleôs didômi l. autôn oute archên
arxas oudemian euthunas hupechô nun autês" Lys.24.26; "l. apenenkein" Arist.Ath.54.1; "en tais euthunais tou toioutou l. hupechetô" Pl.Lg.774b; "ton tôn chrêmatôn l. para toutôn lambanein" D.8.47; "adikêmata eis arguriou l. anêkonta" Din.1.60; "sunarai
logon meta tinos" settle accounts with, Ev.Matt.18.23,
etc.; "deuteroi l." a second audit, Cod.Just.1.4.26.1;
"ho trapezitikos l." banking account, Theo Sm.p.73
H.: metaph., "ouk an priaimên oudenos l. broton" S.Aj.477
.
b. public accounts, i. e. branch of treasury, "idios
l.", in Egypt,
OGI188.2, 189.3, 669.38; also as title of treasurer, ib.408.4,
Str.17.1.12;
"ho epi tôn l." IPE2.29 A (Panticapaeum);
"dêmosios l.", = Lat. fiscus, OGI669.21
(Egypt,
i A.D.), etc. (but later, = aerarium, Cod.Just.1.5.15);
also "Kaisaros l." OGI669.30; "kuriakos
l." ib.18.
2. generally, account, reckoning, "mê phunai ton
hapanta nikai l." excels the whole account, i.e. is best
of all, S.OC
1225 (lyr.); "dontas l. tôn epoiêsan" accounting
for, i.e. paying the penalty for their doings, Hdt.8.100;
"l. aitein" Pl.Plt.285e; "l. dounai kai dexasthai" Id.Prt.336c, al.; "lambanein l. kai elenchein" Id.Men.75d; "paraschein tôn eirêmenôn l." Id.R.344d; "l. apaitein" D.30.15, cf. Arist.
EN1104a3; "l. hupechein, dounai", D.19.95;
"l. engrapsai" Id.24.199, al.; "l. apopherein têi polei" Aeschin.3.22, cf. Eu. Luc.16.2, Ep.Hebr.13.17;
"to paradoxon tôn sumbebêkotôn hupo logon agein" Plb.15.34.2; "l. hê epistêmê, polla de ho l." the account
is manifold, Plot.6.9.4; "echôn logon tou dia ti" an
account of the cause, Arist.APo.74b27;
"es l. tinos" on account of, "es chrêmatôn
l." Th.3.46, cf. Plb.5.89.6,
LXX 2 Ma1.14, JRS 18.152 (Jerash);
"logôi" c. gen., by way of, Cod.Just.3.2.5.
al.; "kata logon tou megethous" if we take into account
his size, Arist.HA517b27;
"pros hon hêmin ho l." Ep.Hebr.4.13, cf. D.Chr.31.123.
3. measure, tale (cf. infr. 11.1), "thalassa . .
metreetai es ton auton l. hokoios prosthen" Heraclit.31; "psuchês
esti l. heauton auxôn" Id.115; "es toutou (sc. gêraos)
l. ou polloi tines apikneontai" to the point of old age,
Hdt.3.99,
cf.7.9.b;
"ho xumpas l." the full tale, Th.7.56,
cf. Ep.Phil.4.15;
"koinôi l. nomisanta" common measure, Pl.Lg.746e;
sum, total of expenditure, IG42(1).103.151 (Epid., iv B.C.);
"ho tês ousias l.", = Lat. patrimonii modus, Cod.Just.1.5.12.20.
4. esteem, consideration, value put on a person or thing (cf.
infr. VI. 2 d), "hou pleiôn l. ê tôn allôn" who is of
more worth than all the rest, Heraclit.39; "brotôn l. ouk
eschen ouden' " A.Pr.233;
"ou smikrou l." S.OC1163
: freq. in Hdt., "Mardoniou l. oudeis ginetai" 8.102; "tôn ên elachistos apollumenôn l." 4.135,
cf. E.Fr.94; "peri emou oudeis l." Ar.Ra.87; "logou oudenos ginesthai pros tinos" to be of no account,
repute with.., Hdt.1.120,
cf.4.138;
"logou poiêsasthai tina" make one of account,
Id.1.33;
"elachistou, pleistou l. einai", to be highly, lowly
esteemed, Id.1.143,
3.146;
but also "logon tinos poieisthai", like Lat. rationem
habere alicujus, make account of, set a value on, Democr.187,
etc.: usu. in neg. statements, "oudena l. poiêsasthai tinos"
Hdt.1.4, cf. 13,
Plb.21.14.9,
etc.; "l. echein" Hdt.1.62,115;
"l. ischein peri tinos" Pl.Ti.87c; "l. echein peri tous poiêtas" Lycurg.107; "l. echein tinos" D.18.199, Arist.EN1102b32,
Plu.Phil.18 (but also, have the reputation of . ., v. infr.
VI. 2 e); "en oudeni l. poiêsasthai ti" Hdt.3.50; "en oudeni l. apôlonto" without regard,
Id.9.70;
"en smikrôi l. einai" Pl.R.550a;
"humeis out' en l. out' en arithmôi" Orac. ap. Sch.Theoc.14.48;
"en andrôn l. [einai]" to be reckoned,
count as a man, Hdt.3.120;
"en idiôteô logôi kai atimou" reckoned as . ., Eus.Mynd.Fr. 59; "semnos eis aretês l. kai doxês"
D.19.142
.
II. relation, correspondence, proportion,
1. generally, "huperteriês l." relation
(of gold to lead), Thgn.418 = 1164; "pros logon tou sêmatos"
A.Th.519; "kata logon probainontes timôsi" in inverse ratio,
Hdt.1.134,
cf. 7.36;
"kata l. tês apophorês" Id.2.109; "talla kata l." in like fashion, Hp.VM16,
Prog.17: c. gen., "kata l. tôn prosthen" ib. 24;
"kata l. tôn hêmerôn" Ar.
Nu.619; "kata l. tês dunameôs" X.
Cyr.8.6.11; "elattô ê kata l." Arist.
HA508a2, cf. PA671a18; "ek tautês egeneto ekeinê
kata l." Id.Pol.
1257a31; cf. "eulogos": sts. with "ho autos"
added, "kata ton auton l. tôi teicheï" in fashion
like to . ., Hdt.1.186;
"peri tôn nosôn ho autos l." analogously, Pl.Tht.158d,
cf. Prm.136b,
al.; "eis ton auton l." similarly, Id.R.353d;
"kata ton auton l." in the same ratio, IG12.76.8;
by parity of reasoning, Pl.Cra.393c,
R.610a,
al.; "ana logon tinos, tini", Id.Ti.29c,
Alc.2., 145d;
"touton echei ton l. pros . . hon hê paideia pros tên aretên"
is related to . . as . ., Procl.in Euc.p.20 F., al.
2. Math., ratio, proportion ("ho kat' analogon l.,
l. tês analogias", Theo Sm.p.73 H.), Pythag. 2; "isotês
logôn" Arist.EN113a31; "l. esti duo megethôn hê kata pêlikotêta poia schesis"
Euc.5
Def.3; "tôn harmoniôn tous l." Arist.Metaph.985b32, cf. 1092b14;
"logoi arithmôn" numerical ratios, Aristox.Harm.p.32
M.; "tous phthongous anankaion en arithmou l. legesthai pros allêlous"
to be expressed in numerical ratios, Euc.Sect.Can. Proëm.:
in Metre, ratio between arsis and thesis, by which the rhythm is
defined, Aristox.Harm.p.34 M.; "ean êi ischurotera tou aisthêtêriou
hê kinêsis, luetai ho l." Arist.de
An. 424a31; "ana logon" analogically, Archyt.2;
"ana l. meristheisa [hê psuchê]" proportionally,
Pl.
Ti.37a; so "kata l." Men.319.6; "pros
logon" in proportion, Plb.6.30.3,
9.15.3
(but "pros logon epi stenon sunagetai" narrows uniformly,
Sor. 1.9, cf. Diocl.Fr.171); "epi logon" IG5(1).1428
(Messene).
3. Gramm., analogy, rule, "tôi l. tôn metochikôn,
tês sunkopês", by the rule of the participles, of syncope,
Choerob. in Theod.1.75 Gaisf., 1.377 H.; "eipe moi ton l.
tou Aias Aiantos, toutesti ton kanona" An.Ox. 4.328 .
1. plea, pretext, ground, "ek tinos l.";
A.Ch.515;
"ex oudenos l." S.Ph.731; "apo pantos l." Id.OC762; "chô l. kalos prosên" Id.Ph.352; "sun aphanei l." Id.OT657
(lyr., v.l. "logôn"); "en aphanei l."
Antipho
5.59; "epi toioutôi l." Hdt.6.124; "kata tina l.;" on what ground? Pl.R.366b;
"oude pros hena l." to no purpose, Id.Prt.
343d; "epi tini l.;" for what reason? X.HG2.2.19;
"ton l. touton" this ground of complaint, Aeschin.3.228;
"tini dikaiôi l.;" what just cause is there? Pl.Grg.512c;
"tini l.;" on what account? Act.Ap.10.29; "kata
logon an êneschomên humôn" reason would that . ., ib.18.14;
"l. echein", with personal subject, "eichon
an tina l." I (i.e. my conduct) would have admitted of an explanation,
Pl.Ap.31b;
"ton orthon l." the true explanation, ib.34b.
b. plea, case, in Law or argument (cf. VIII. I), "ton
hêttô l. kreittô poiein" to make the weaker case prevail,
ib.18b,
al., Arist.Rh.1402a24,
cf. Ar.Nu.1042
(pl.); personified, ib.886,
al.; "amuneis tôi tês hêdonês l." Pl.Phlb.38a; "anoiseis tous l. autôn pros ton theon" LXXEx.18.19; "echein l. pros tina" to have a case, ground of
action against . ., Act.Ap.19.38.
2. statement of a theory, argument, "ouk emeu alla
tou l. akousantas" prob. in Heraclit.50; "logon êde noêma
amphis alêtheiês" discourse and reflection on reality,
Parm.8.50; "dêloi houtos ho l. hoti . ." Democr.7; "ouk
echei logon" it is not arguable, i.e. reasonable,
S.El.466,
Pl.Phd.62d,
etc.; "echei l." D.44.32; "oudeis auta katabalei l." E.Ba.202; "dikason . . ton l. akousas" Pl.Lg.696b; personified, "phêsi houtos ho l." ib.714d,
cf. Sph.238b,
Phlb.50a;
"hôs ho l." (sc. "legei") Arist.EN1115b12;
"hôs ho l. ho orthos legei" ib. 1138b20,
cf. 29;
"ho l. thelei prosbibazein" Phld.Rh.1.41, cf.1.19
S.; "ou gar an akouseie logou apotrepontos" Arist.EN1179b27; "l. kathairôn" Aristo
Stoic.1.88; "logou tunchanein" to be explained,
Phld.Mus.p.77 K.; "ho ton l. mou akouôn" my teaching,
Ev.Jo.5.24; "ho prophêtikos l.", collect., of VT
prophecy, 2
Ep.Pet.1.19: pl., "hokosôn logous êkousa" Heraclit.108; "ouk epitheto tois emois l." Ar.Nu.73; of arguments leading to a conclusion ( [ ho l.] ), Pl.
Cri.46b; "ta Anaxagorou biblia gemei toutôn tôn l."
Id.Ap.26d; "l. apo tôn archôn, epi tas archas", Arist.EN1095a31;
"sullogismos esti l. en hôi tethentôn tinôn ktl." Id.APr.24b18;
"l. antitupos te kai aporos", of a self-contradictory
theory, Plot.6.8.7.
b. "ho peri theôn l.", title of a discourse
by Protagoras, D.L.9.54; "ho Achilleus l.", name of
an argument, ib.23; "ho auxomenos l." Plu.2.559b; "kataballontes" (sc. "logoi"),
title of work by Protagoras, S.E.M.7.60; "l. sophistikoi"
Arist.SE
165a34, al.; "hoi mathêmatikoi l." Id.Rh.1417a19,
etc.; "hoi exôterikoi l.", current outside the Lyceum,
Id.Ph.217b31, al.; "Dissoi l.", title of a philosophical
treatise (= Dialex.); "L. kai Logina", name
of play of Epicharmus, quibble, argument, personified, Ath.8.338d.
c. in Logic, proposition, whether as premiss or conclusion,
"protasis esti l. kataphatikos ê apophatikos tinos kata tinos"
Arist.APr.24a16 .
d. rule, principle, law, as embodying the result of "logismos",
Pi.O.2.22,
P.1.35,
N.4.31;
"peithesthai tôi l. hos an moi logizomenôi beltistos phainêtai"
Pl.Cri.46b, cf. c; "hêdonas tois orthois l. hepomenas" obeying
right principles, Id.Lg.696c;
"proaireseôs [archê] orexis kai l. ho heneka
tinos" principle directed to an end, Arist.EN1139a32;
of the final cause, "archê ho l. en te tois kata technên kai
en tois phusei sunestêkosin" Id.PA639b15; "apodidoasi
tous l. kai tas aitias hou poiousi hekastou" ib.18; "[technê]
hexis meta l. alêthous poiêtikê" Id.EN1140a10; "orthos l." true principle, right rule,
ib.1144b27,
1147b3,
al.; "kata logon" by rule, consistently, "ho
kata l. zôn" Pl.Lg.689d, cf. Ti.89d;
"to kata l. zên", opp. "kata pathos",
Arist.EN1169a5;
"kata l. prochôrein" according to plan, Plb.1.20.3.
3. law, rule of conduct, "hôi malista diênekôs homilousi
logôi" Heraclit.72; "polloi logon mê mathontes zôsi
kata logon" Democr.53; "dei huparchein ton l. ton katholou
tois archousin" universal principle, Arist.Pol.1286a17;
"ho nomos . . l. ôn apo tinos phronêseôs kai nou" Id.EN1180a21; "ho nomos empsuchos ôn heautôi l." conscience,
Plu. 2.780c; "ton l. procheiron echein" precept,
Phld.Piet.30, cf. 102; "ho prostaktikos tôn poiêteôn ê mê
l. koinos" M.Ant.4.4 .
4. thesis, hypothesis, provisional ground, "hôs
an ei legoi logon" maintain a thesis, Pl.
Prt.344b; "hupothemenos hekastote l." provisionally
assuming a proposition, Id.Phd.100a;
"ton tês homoiotêtos l." hypothesis of equivalence,
Arist.Cael.296a20.
5. reason, ground, "pantôn ginomenôn kata ton l.
tonde" Heraclit.1; "houtô bathun l. echei"
Id.45; "ek logou", opp. "matên",
Leucipp. 2; "megiston sêmeion houtos ho l." Meliss.8; "[empeiria] ouk echei l. oudena hôn prospherei"
has no grounds for . ., Pl.Grg.465a;
"meta logou [p. 1058] te
kai epistêmês theias" Id.Sph.265c; "hê meta logou alêthês doxa ([epistêmê])"
Id.Tht.201c;
"logon zêtousin hôn ouk esti l." proof, Arist.
Metaph.1011a12; "hoi hapantôn zêtountes l. anairousi
l." Thphr.Metaph. 26 .
6. formula (wider than definition, but freq. equivalent
thereto), term expressing reason, "l. tês politeias"
Pl.R.497c; "psuchês ousia te kai l." essential definition,
Id.Phdr.245e;
"ho tou dikaiou l." Id.R.343a; "ton l. tês ousias" ib.534b,
cf. Phd.78d;
"tas pollas epistêmas heni l. proseipein" Id.Tht.148d; "ho tês oikodomêseôs l. echei ton tês oikias" Arist.
PA646b3; "tetheiê an idion onoma kath' hekaston tôn l."
Id.Metaph.1006b5, cf. 1035b4;
"pas horismos l. tis esti" Id.Top.102a5; "epi
tôn schêmatôn l. koinos" generic definition, Id.de An.414b23;
"akribestatos l." specific definition, Id.Pol.1276b24;
"pêgês l. echon" Ph.2.477; "to ôion oute archês
echei l." fulfils the function of . ., Plu.2.637d; "l.
tês mixeôs" formula, i. e. ratio (cf. supr. II)
of combination, Arist.PA642a22, cf. Metaph.993a17.
7. reason, law exhibited in the world-process, "kata
logon" by law, "kosmôi panta kai kata l. echonta"
Pl.R.500c;" kat ton <auton au> l." by the same law,
Epich.170.18; "psuchês to pan tode dioikousês kata l." Plot.2.3.13; esp. in Stoic Philos., the divine order, "ton tou pantos
l. hon enioi heimarmenên kalousin" Zeno Stoic.1.24; "to
poioun ton en [têi hulêi] l. ton theon" ibid.,
cf. 42; "ho tou kosmou l." Chrysipp.Stoic.2.264; "logos,
= phusei nomos", Stoic.2.169; "kata ton koinon
theois kai anthrôpois l." M.Ant.7.53; "ho orthos l.
dia pantôn erchomenos" Chrysipp.Stoic.3.4 : so in Plot., "tên
phusin einai logon, hos poiei l. allon gennêma hautou" 3.8.2 .
b. "spermatikos l." generative principle
in organisms, "ho theos sp. l. tou kosmou" Zeno Stoic.1.28
: usu. in pl., Stoic. 2.205,314, al.; "ginetai ta en tôi
panti ou kata spermatikous, alla kata l. perilêptikous" Plot.3.1.7, cf.4.4.39: so without "spermatikos", "hôsper
tines l. tôn merôn" Cleanth.Stoic.1.111; "hoi l. tôn
holôn" Ph.1.9 .
c. in Neo-Platonic Philos., of regulative and formative forces,
derived from the intelligible and operative in the sensible universe,
"ontôn meizonôn l. kai theôrountôn hautous egô gegennêmai"
Plot.3.8.4; "hoi en spermati l. plattousi . . ta zôia hoion
mikrous tinas kosmous" Id.4.3.10, cf.3.2.16,3.5.7; opp. "horos",
Id.6.7.4; "aphaneis l. tês phuseôs" Procl. in R.1.18
K.; "technikoi l." ib.142 K., al.
IV. inward debate of the soul (cf. "l. hon autê pros
hautên hê psuchê diexerchetai" Pl.Tht.189e
("dialogos" in Sph.263e);
"ho en têi psuchêi ho esô l." (opp. "ho exô l."),
Arist.APo.76b25,
27; "ho endiathetos", opp. "ho prophorikos l.",
Stoic.2.43, Ph.2.154),
1. thinking, reasoning, "tou l. eontos xunou",
opp." idia phronêsis", Heraclit. 2; "krinai
de logôi . . elenchon" test by reflection, Parm.1.36; reflection,
deliberation (cf. VI.3), "edidou logon heôutôi peri tês opsios"
Hdt.1.209, cf. 34,
S.OT583,
D.45.7;
"mê eidenai mête logôi mête ergôi" neither by reasoning
nor by experience, Anaxag.7; "ha dê logôi men kai dianoiai lêpta,
opsei d' ou" Pl.R.529d, cf. Prm.135e;
"ho l. ê hê aisthêsis" Arist.EN
1149a35, al.; "autôi monon tôi l. pisteuein" (opp.
"aisthêseis"), of Parmenides and his school, Aristocl.
ap. Eus.PE14.17: hence "logôi or tôi l." in idea,
in thought, "tôi l. temnein" Pl.R.525e; "tôi l. duo estin achôrista pephukota" two in idea,
though indistinguishable in fact, Arist.
EN1102a30, cf. GC320b14, al.; "logôi theôrêta"
mentally conceived, opp. sensibly perceived, Placit.1.3.5,
cf. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1055.20; "tous l. theôrêtous chronous"
Epicur.Ep.1p.19U.; "dia logou th. ch". ib.p.10
U.; "logôi katalêptos" Phld.Po.5.20, etc.; "ho
l. houtô haireei" analogy proves, Hdt.2.33;
"ho l." or "l. haireei" reasoning
convinces, Id.3.45,6.124,
cf. Pl.Cri.48c
(but, our argument shows, Lg.663d):
also c. acc. pers., "chratai ho ti min l. haireei" as
the whim took him, Hdt.1.132;
"ên mê hêmeas l. hairêi" unless we see fit, Id.4.127,
cf. Pl.R.607b;
later "ho hairôn l." ordaining reason, Zeno Stoic.1.50,
M.Ant.2.5, cf. 4.24, Arr.Epict. 2.2.20, etc.: coupled or contrasted
with other functions, "kath' hupnon epeidê logou kai phronêseôs
ou meteiche" since reason and understanding are in abeyance,
Pl.Ti.71d;
"meta logou te kai epistêmês", opp. "aitia automatê",
of Nature's processes of production, Id.Sph.265c;
"to men dê noêsei meta logou perilêpton" embraced by
thought with reflection, opp. "met' aisthêseôs alogou",
Id.Ti.28a;
"to men aei met' alêthous l.", opp. "to de alogon",
ib.51e,
cf. 70d,
al.; "l. echôn hepomenon tôi noein" Id.Phlb.
62a; "epistêmê enousa kai orthos l." scientific
knowledge and right process of thought, Id.Phd.73a;
"pas l. kai pasa epistêmê tôn katholou" Arist.Metaph.1059b26; "to logon echon" Id.EN1102b15, 1138b9,
al.: in sg. and pl., contrasted by Pl. and Arist. as theory, abstract
reasoning with outward experience, sts. with depreciatory emphasis on
the former, "eis tous l. kataphugonta" Pl.Phd.99e; "ton en logois skopoumenon ta onta", opp. "ton
en ergois" (realities), ib.100a;
"têi aisthêsei mallon tôn l. pisteuteon" Arist.GA760b31; "gnôrimôtera kata ton l.", opp. "kata tên
aisthêsin", Id.Ph.189a4; "ek tôn l. dêlon",
opp. "ek tês epagôgês", Id.Mete.378b20; "hê
tôn l. pistis", opp. "ek tôn ergôn phaneron",
Id.Pol.1326a29;
"hê pistis ou monon epi tês aisthêseôs alla kai epi tou l".
Id.Ph.262a19; "marturei ta gignomena tois l."
Id.Pol.1334a6; "ho men l. tou katholou, hê de aisthêsis tou kata meros"
explanation, opp. perception, Id.Ph.189a7; "esontai
tois l. hai praxeis akolouthoi"theory, opp. practice, Epicur.Sent.25;
in Logic, of discursive reasoning, opp. intuition, Arist.EN1142a26,
1143b1;
reasoning in general, ib.1149a26;
"pas l. kai pasa apodeixis" all reasoning and
demonstration, Id.Metaph.1063b10;
"l. kai phronêsin" Phld.Mus.p.105 K.; "ho
l. ê logismos" ibid.; "to idein ouketi l., alla meizon
logou kai pro logou", of mystical vision, opp. reasoning,
Plot.6.9.10.--Phrases, "kata l. ton eikota" by probable
reasoning, Pl.Ti.30b;
"oukoun ton g' eikota l. an echoi" Id.Lg.647d; "para logon", opp. "kata l.", Arist.Rh.Al.1429a29,
cf. EN
1167b19; cf. "paralogos" (but "para l."
unexpectedly, E.Ba.940).
2. reason as a faculty, "ho l. anthrôpous kubernai"
[Epich.] 256; "[thumoeides] tou l. katêkoon"
Pl.Ti.70a; "[thumos] hupo tou l. anaklêtheis"
Id.R.440d; "summachon tôi l. ton thumon" ib. b; "peitharchei
tôi l. to tou enkratous" Arist.
EN 1102b26; "allo ti para ton l. pephukos, ho machetai
tôi l." ib.17;
"enantiôsis logou pros epithumias" Plot.4.7.13(8); "ou
thumos, ouk epithumia, oude l. oude tis noêsis" Id.6.9.11 : freq.
in Stoic. Philos. of human Reason, opp. "phantasia",
Zeno Stoic.1.39; opp. "phusis", Stoic.2.206; "ou
sophia oude l. estin en [tois zôiois]" ibid.;
"tois alogois zôiois hôs l. echôn l. mê echousi chrô"
M.Ant.6.23; "ho l. koinon pros tous theous" Arr.Epict.
1.3.3; "hoion [eikôn] l. ho en prophorai logou
tou en psuchêi, houtô kai autê l. nou" Plot.5.1.3; "to
ton l. schein tên oikeian aretên" (sc. "eudaimonian")
Procl.in Ti.3.334 D.; also of the reason which pervades the
universe, "theios l." [Epich.] 257; "ton theion
l. kath' Hêrakleiton di' anapnoês spasantes noeroi ginometha"
S.E.M.7.129 (cf. infr. x).
b. creative reason, "adunaton ên logon mê ouk epi
panta elthein" Plot.3.2.14; "archê oun l. kai panta
l. kai ta ginomena kat' auton" Id.3.2.15; "hoi l.
pantes psuchai" Id.3.2.18 .
V. continuous statement, narrative (whether fact or fiction),
oration, etc. (cf. "legô" (B) 11.2),
3. tale, story, "allon epeimi l." Xenoph.
7.1, cf. Th.1.97,
etc.; "sunthetous l." A.Pr.686; "spoudên logou" urgent tidings, E.Ba.663;
"allos l." 'another story', Pl.Ap.34e;
"homologoumenos ho l. estin" the story is consistent,
Isoc.3.27:
pl., histories, "en toisi Assurioisi l." Hdt.1.184, cf. 106,
2.99;
so in sg., a historical work, Id.2.123,
6.19,7.152:
also in sg., one section of such a work (like later "biblos"),
Id.2.38,6.39,
cf. VI.3d;
so in pl., "en toisi Libukoisi l." Id.2.161, cf. 1.75,5.22,7.93,213;
"en tôi prôtôi tôn l." Id.5.36; "ho prôtos l.", of St. Luke's gospel, Act.Ap.1.1:
in Pl., opp. "muthos", as history to legend, Ti.26e;
"poiein muthous all' ou logous" Phd.61b, cf. Grg.523a
(but "muthon legein", opp. "logôi (argument)
diexelthein" Prt.
320c, cf. 324d);
"peri logôn kai muthôn" Arist.Pol.1336a30; "ho l . . . muthos esti" Ael.NA4.34 .
4. speech, delivered in court, assembly, etc., "chrêsomai
têi tou l. taxei tautêi" Aeschin.3.57, cf. Arist.Rh.1358a38;
"dikanikoi l." Id.EN1181a4; "tria genê tôn l. tôn rhêtorikôn, sumbouleutikon, dikanikon,
epideiktikon" Id.Rh.1358b7; "tôi grapsanti ton l." Thphr.
Char.17.8, cf. "logographos" 11; "epitaphios
l." funeral oration, Pl.Mx.236b;
esp. of the body of a speech, opp. "epilogos",
Arist.Rh.1420b3;
opp. "prooimion", ib.1415a12;
body of a law, opp. proem, Pl.Lg.723b;
spoken, opp. written word, "ton tou eidotos l. zônta
kai empsuchon hou ho gegrammenos eidôlon ti" Id.Phdr.276a; "ho ek tou bibliou rhêtheis [l.]"
speech read from a roll, ib.243c;
published speech, D.C.40.54; rarely of the speeches in Tragedy
(["rhêseis"]), Arist.Po.1450b6,9.
VI. verbal expression or utterance (cf. legô (B) 111),
rarely a single word, v. infr. b, never in Gramm. signf. of vocable
(["epos, lexis, onoma, rhêma"]), usu. of a phrase,
cf. IX. 3 (the only sense found in Ep.).
a. pl., without Art., talk, "ton eterpe logois"
Il.15.393; "haimulioi l." Od.1.56, h.Merc.
317, Hes.Th.890,
Op.78,789,
Thgn.704, A.R.3.1141;
"pseudeis L.", personified, Hes.Th.229;
"aphrodisioi l." Semon.7.91; "aganoisi l."
Pi.P.
4.101; "opson de l. phthoneroisin" tales,
Id.N.8.21;
"smikroi l." brief words, S.Aj.1268
(s.v.l.), El.415;
"dokêsis agnôs logôn" bred of talk, Id.OT
681 (lyr.): also in sg., "leg' ei soi tôi l. tis hêdonê"
speak if thou delightest in talking, Id.El.891.
b. sg., expression, phrase, "prin eipein esthlon
ê kakon l." Id.Ant.1245, cf. E.Hipp.514;
"murias hôs eipein logôi" Hdt.2.37; "makros l." rigmarole, Simon.189, Arist.Metaph.1091a8;
"l. êrema lechtheis diethêke to porrô" a whispered
message, Plot.4.9.3; "heni logôi" to sum up,
in brief phrase, Pl.Phdr.241e,
Phd.65d;
concisely, Arist.
EN1103b21 (but also, = "haplôs, peri pantôn heni l."
Id.GC325a1): pl.,"l. thelktêrioi" magic words,
E.Hipp.478;
rarely of single words, "l. eusunthetos hoion to "chronotribein""
Arist.Rh.1406a36; "ouk apekrithê autêi l." answered her not a word,
Ev.Matt.15.23.
c. coupled or contrasted with words expressed or understood signifying
act, fact, truth, etc., mostly in a depreciatory sense, "l. ergou
skiê" Democr. 145; "hôsper mikron paida logois m'
apatais" Thgn.254; "logôi", opp. "ergôi",
Democr.82, etc.; "nêpioisi ou l. alla xumphorê didaskalos"
Id.76; "ergôi kou logôi tekmairomai" A.Pr.338, cf. S.El.59,
OC782;
"logôi men legousi . . ergôi de ouk apodeiknusi" Hdt.4.8; "ou logôn, phasin, hê agorê deitai, chalkôn de" Herod.7.49; "oute l. oute ergôi" Lys.9.14; "logois, opp. psêphôi", Aeschin.2.33;
opp. "noôi", Hdt.2.100;
"ou logôi mathôn" E.Heracl.5; "ek logôn, kouphou pragmatos" Pl.Lg.935a; "logoisi eis to pithanon peripepemmena" ib.886e,
cf. Luc.Anach.19; "hina mê l. oiêsthe einai, all' eidête
tên alêtheian" Lycurg.23, cf. D.30.34;
opp. "pragma", Arist.Top.146a4;
opp. "bia", Id.EN1179b29,
cf. 1180a5;
opp. "onta", Pl.Phd.100a;
opp. gnôsis, 2
Ep.Cor.11.6; logôi in pretence, Hdt.1.205,
Pl.R.361b,376d,
Ti.27a,
al.; "logou heneka" merely as a matter of words,
"allôs heneka l. elegeto" Id.Cri.46d; "logou charin", opp. "hôs alêthôs",
Arist.Pol.1280b8;
but also, let us say, for instance, Id.EN1144a33,
Plb.10.46.4,
Phld. Sign.29, M.Ant.4.32; "logou heneka" let
us suppose, Pl.Tht.191c;
"heôs logou, mechri l.", = Lat. verbo tenus,
Plb.10.24.7,
Epict.Ench.16:
sts. without depreciatory force, the antithesis or parallelism being verbal
(cf. 'word and deed'), "logôi te kai sthenei" S.OC68; "en te ergôi kai l." Pl.R.382e, cf. D.S.13.101,
Ev.Luc.24.19,
Act.Ap.7.22,
Paus.2.16.2;
"hosa men logôi eipon", opp. "ta erga tôn
prachthentôn", Th.
1.22.
2. common talk, report, tradition, "hôs l. en thnêtoisin
eên" Batr. 8; "l. ek paterôn" Alc.71; "ouk
est' etumos l. houtos" Stesich.32; "dixos legetai l."
Hdt.3.32; "l. hup' Aiguptiôn legomenos" Id.2.47; "neon [l.]" tidings, S.Ant.1289
(lyr.); "ta men autoi hôrômen, ta de logoisi epunthanometha"
by hearsay, Hdt.2.148:
also in pl., "en grammasin logoi keimenoi" traditions,
Pl.Lg.886b.
b. rumour, "epi panti l. eptoêsthai"
Heraclit. 87; "audaeis l." voice of rumour,
B.14.44;
"peri theôn diêlthen ho l. hoti . ." Th.6.46;
"l. pareichen hôs . ." Plb.3.89.3;
"exêlthen ho l. houtos eis tinas [p.
1059] hoti . ." Ev.Jo.21.23,
cf. Act.Ap.11.22;
fiction, Ev.Matt.28.15.
c. mention, notice, description, "ouk huei logou
axion ouden" worth mentioning, Hdt.4.28,
cf. Plb.1.24.8,
etc.; "erga logou mezô" beyond expression, Hdt.2.35;
"kreisson logou to eidos tês nosou" beyond description,
Th.
2.50; "meizô erga ê hôs tôi l. tis an eipoi" D.6.11
.
d. the talk one occasions, repute, mostly in good
sense, good report, praise, honour (cf. supr. 1.4),
"polla pherein eiôthe l. . . ptaismata" Thgn.1221;
"l. eslon akousai" Pi.I.5(4).13; "pleona . . l. Odusseos ê pathan" Id.N.7.21; "hina l. se echêi pros anthrôpôn agathos" Hdt.7.5, cf. 9.78;
"Troian . . hês hapantachou l." whose fame, story
fills the world, E.IT517;
"ouk an ên l. sethen" Id.Med.541
: less freq. in bad sense, evil report, "l. kakothrous,
kakos", S.
Aj.138 (anap.), E.Heracl.165:
pl., "logous psithurous plassôn" slanders, S.Aj.148
(anap.).
e. "l. esti, echei, katechei", the story
goes, c. acc. et inf., "est tis l. tan Aretan naiein"
Simon.58.1, cf. S.El.417;
"l. men est' archaios hôs . ." Id.Tr.1;
l. alone, E.Heracl.35;
"hôs l." A.Supp.230, Pl.
Phlb.65c, etc.; "l. esti" Hdt.7.129,9.26,
al.; "l. aien echei" S.OC1573
(lyr.); "hoson ho l. katechei" tradition prevails,
Th.1.10:
also with a personal subject in the reverse construction. "Kleisthenês
l. echei tên Puthiên anapeisai" has the credit of . ., Hdt.5.66,
cf. Pl.Epin.987b,
988b;
"l. echonta sophias" Ep.Col.2.23, v.supr.1.4.
3. discussion, debate, deliberation, "pollos ên en
toisi l." Hdt.8.59; "sunelechthêsan hoi Mêdoi es tôuto kai edidosan sphisi logon,
legontes peri tôn katêkontôn" Id.1.97; "hoi Pelasgoi heôutoisi logous edidosan" Id.6.138; "polemôi mallon ê logois ta enklêmata dialuesthai"
Th.1.140; "hoi peri tês eirênês l." Aeschin.2.74; "tois exôthen l. peplêrôke ton l." [Plato] has filled
his dialogue with extraneous discussions, Arist.Pol.1264b39;
"to mêkos tôn metabainôn ho l. eis tauton aphiktai" our
debate, Arist.EN1097a24;
"ho parôn l." ib.1104a11;
"theôn hôn nun ho l. esti" discussion, Pl.Ap.26b,
cf. Tht.
184a, M.Ant.8.32; "tôi l. dielthein, diïenai", Pl.Prt.329c,
Grg.506a,
etc.; "ton l. diexelthein" conduct the debate,
Id.Lg.893a;
"xunelthein es logon" confer, Ar.Eq.1300:
freq. in pl., "es logous sunelthontes" parley,
Hdt.
1.82; "es l. elthein tini" have speech with,
ib.86;
"es l. apikesthai tini" Id.2.32; "dia logôn ienai" E.Tr.916; "emautêi dia l. aphikomên" Id.Med.872; "es l. agein tina" X.HG4.1.2; "koinônein logôn kai dianoias" Arist.EN
1170b12 .
b. right of discussion or speech, "ê 'pi
tôi plêthei l."; S.OC
66; "l. aitêsasthai" ask leave to speak,
Th.3.53;
"l. didonai" X.HG5.2.20; "ou proutethê sphisin l. kata ton nomon" ib.1.7.5;
"logou tuchein" D.18.13, cf. Arist.EN1095b21,
Plb.18.52.1;
"hoi logou tous doulous aposterountes" Arist.Pol.1260b5; "doulos pephukas, ou metesti soi logou" Trag.Adesp.304; "didontas l. kai dechomenous en tôi merei" Luc.Pisc.8
: hence, time allowed for a speech, "en tôi emôi l."
And.1.26,
al.; "en tôi heautou l." Pl.Ap.34a; "ouk elattô l. anêlôke" D.18.9
.
c. dialogue, as a form of philosophical debate, "hina
mê machômetha en tois l. egô te kai su" Pl.
Cra.430d; "pros allêlous tous l. poieisthai"
Id.Prt.348a
: hence, dialogue as a form of literature, "hoi Sôkratikoi
l." Arist.Po.1447b11,
Rh.
1417a20; cf. "dialogos".
d. section, division of a dialogue or treatise (cf. v. 3),
"ho prôtos l." Pl.Prm.127d; "ho prosthen, ho parelthôn l.", Id.Phlb.18e,
19b;
"en tois prôtois l." Arist.PA682a3; "en
tois peri kinêseôs l." in the discussion of motion (i.
e. Ph.bk.8), Id.GC318a4; "en tôi peri epainou l."
Phld.Rh.1.219; branch, department, division of a system
of philosophy, "tên phronêsin ek triôn sunestêkenai l., tôn phusikôn
kai tôn êthikôn kai tôn logikôn" Chrysipp.Stoic.2.258 .
e. in pl., literature, letters, Pl.Ax.365b, Epin.975d,
D.H.Comp.1,21 (but, also in pl., treatises, Plu.2.16c);
"hoi epi logois eudokimôtatoi" Hdn.6.1.4; "Logoi",
personified, AP9.171 (Pall.).
VII. a particular utterance, saying:
2. proverb, maxim, saying, Pi.N.9.6,
A.Th.218;
"hôd' echei l." ib.225;
"tond' ekainisen l. hôs . ." Critias 21, cf. Pl.R.330a,
Ev.Jo.4.37;
"ho palaios l." Pl.Phdr.240c, cf. Smp.195b,
Grg.499c,
Lg.757a,
1
Ep.Ti.1.15, Plu.2.1082e, Luc.Alex.9, etc.; "to tou
logou dê touto" Herod.2.45, cf. D.Chr.66.24, Luc.JTr.3,
Alciphr.3.56, etc.: pl., Arist.EN1147a21.
3. assertion, opp. oath, S.OC651;
"psilôi l." bare word, opp. "marturia",
D.27.54.
4. express resolution, "koinôi l." by common
consent, Hdt.1.141, al.;
"epi l. toiôide, ep' hôi te . ." on the following terms,
Id.7.158,
cf. 9.26;
"endexasthai ton l." Id.1.60, cf. 9.5;
"l. echontes pleonektên" a greedy proposal, Id.7.158:
freq. in pl., terms, conditions, Id.9.33,
etc.
VIII. thing spoken of, subject-matter (cf. 111.1 b and 2), "l.
touton easomen" Thgn.1055; "propepusmenos panta l."
the whole matter, Hdt.1.21,
cf. 111;
"ton eonta l." the truth of the matter, ib.95,116;
"metaschein tou l." to be in the secret, ib.127;
"mêdeni allôi ton l. touton eipêis" Id.8.65; "tis ên l."; S.OT684
(= "pragma", 699);
"peri tinos l. dielegometha" subject, question,
Pl.Prt.314c;
"[to prooimion] deigma tou l." case,
Arist.Rh.1415a12,
cf. 111.1b;
"telos de pantos tou l. psêphizontai" the end of the matter
was that . ., Aeschin.3.124;
"ouk estexe ton l." Plb.8.12.5; "ouk esti soi meris oude klêros en tôi l. toutôi" Act.Ap.8.21; "hikanos autôi ho l." Pl.Grg.512c; "ouch hupoleipei [Gorgian] ho l." matter
for talk, Arist.Rh.1418a35;
"mêdena l. hupolipein" Isoc.4.146; "pros logon" to the point, opposite, "ouden
pros l." Pl.Phlb.42e, cf. Prt.344a;
"ean pros l. ti êi" Id.Phlb.33c; also "pros logou" Id.Grg.459c
(s. v.l.).
b. in Art, subject of a painting, "zôgraphias logoi"
Philostr.VA 6.10; "l. tês graphês" Id.Im.1.25
.
IX. expression, utterance, speech regarded formally, "to
apo [psuchês] rheuma dia tou stomatos ion meta phthongou
l.", opp. "dianoia", Pl.Sph.263e;
intelligent utterance, opp. "phônê", Arist.Pol.1253a14;
"l. esti phônê sêmantikê kata sunthêkên" Id.Int.16b26, cf. Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213; "hothen (from the heart) ho
l. anapempetai" Stoic.2.228, cf. 244; Protagoras was nicknamed
"logos", Hsch. ap. Sch.Pl.R.600c,
Suid.; "logou peithoi" Democr.181 : in pl., eloquence,
Isoc.3.3,9.11;
"tên en logois euruthmian" Epicur.Sent.Pal.5p.69
v. d. M.; "l. akribês" precise language, Ar.Nu.130
(pl.), cf. Arist.Rh.
1418b1; "tou mê aidomenou l." Pl.R.398d; "hêdusmenos l.", of rhythmical language set to
music, Arist.Po.1449b25;
"en panti l." in all manner of utterance, 1
Ep.Cor.1.5; "en logois" in orations, Arist.Po.1459a13;
"l. geloioi, aschêmones", ludicrous, improper speech,
Id.SE182b15, Pol.
1336b14.
2. of various modes of expression, esp. artistic and literary, "en
te ôidais kai muthois kai logois" Pl.Lg.664a;
"en logôi kai en ôidais" X.Cyr.1.4.25, cf. Pl.Lg.835b;
prose, opp. "poiêsis", Id.R.390a;
opp. "psilometria", Arist.Po.1448a11;
opp. "emmetra", ib.1450b15
(pl.); "tôi l. touto tôn metrôn (sc. to iambeion)
homoiotaton einai" Id.Rh.1404a31; in full, "psiloi l." prose, ib.b33
(but "psiloi l.", = arguments without diagrams,
Pl.Tht.165a);
"l. pezoi", opp. "poiêtikê", D.H.Comp.6;
opp. "poiêmata", ib.15; "koina kai poiêmatôn
kai logôn" Phld.Po.5.7; "pezos l."
ib.27, al.
b. of the constituents of lyric or dramatic poetry, words,
"to melos ek triôn . . logou te kai harmonias kai rhuthmou"
Pl.R.398d; opp. "praxis", Arist.Po.1454a18;
dramatic dialogue, opp. "ta tou chorou", ib.1449a17.
3. Gramm., phrase, complex term, opp. "onoma",
Id.SE 165a13; "l. onomatôdês" noun-phrase,
Id.APo.93b30, cf. Rh.1407b27;
expression, D.H.Th.2, Demetr.Eloc.92.
b. sentence, complete statement, ""anthrôpos manthanei"
logon einai phêis . . elachiston te kai prôton" Pl.Sph.262c; "l. autotelês" A.D.Synt.3.6, D.T.634.1; "rhêthênai
logôi" to be expressed in a sentence, Pl.Tht.202b;
"l. echein" to be capable of being so expressed, ib.201e,
cf. Arist.Rh.1404b26.
c. language, "ta tou l. merê" parts of
speech, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.31, S.E.M.9.350, etc.; "ta
moria tou l." D.H.Comp.6; "meros l."
D.T.633.26, A.D.Pron.4.6, al. (but "hen meros <tou
cod.> logou" one word, Id.Synt.340.10,
cf. 334.22); "peri tôn stoicheiôn tou l.", title of
work by Chrysippus.
X. the Word or Wisdom of God, personified as his agent
in creation and world-government, "ho pantodunamos sou l."
LXX Wi.18.15; "ho ek noos phôteinos l. huios theou"
Corp.Herm.1.6, cf. Plu.2.376c; "l. theou di' hou kateskeuasthê [ho kosmos]"
Ph.1.162; "tês tou theou sophias: hê de estin ho theou l."
ib.56; "l. theios . . eikôn theou" ib.561, cf. 501; "ton
tomea tôn sumpantôn [theou] l." ib.492; "ton
angelon hos esti l." ib.122: in NT identified with the person
of Christ, "en archêi ên ho l." Ev.Jo.1.1, cf. 14,
1
Ep.Jo.2.7, Apoc.19.13;
"ho l. tês zôês" 1
Ep.Jo.1.1 .
Platon et ses dialogues :
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